the first winter

• the first winter 
  
• young Irish family living in new world in its first winter.
• mother dies of illness and leaves the oldest daughter to watch the house. 
• father is off working in a lumber yard .
• father returns in spring .
• father says final goodbyes. 

dossier 4 blog

economy and development :
until the 19th century Canadian economy relied on timber agriculture and fishing.
primary sector flourished after the second world war when farming became mechanized.
secondary sector became industrialized to the point of factories to create trains for the railroad.
ore processing plants and transportation material.
the development of hydroelectricity was the key industry in Canada at the time.

tertiary sector jobs in the fields of finance and administration were prosperous and grew.
did not offer the best salaries than in the other sectors.
these jobs required fewer qualifications meaning unskilled workers.

concentration of capital:
it had become survival of the fittest with all the small companies soon going out of business except for a few.
this was also the case for banks.

economic cycles:
Canada experienced periods of growth and recession.
experienced growth at the beginning of the 20th century.
 after war was declared in 1939 Canada experienced economic growth.
Europe promised full employment.
after 1973 the energy consumption increased and with it the price of oil.
after the war the employment rate was high
the baby boom brought economic stimulation along with the citizens who had accumulated savings.

Government economic policies:
before the 1930"s the state rarely intervened.
l'office de credit agricloe in 1934
1945-establishment of unemployment insurance and family allowances.
the state intervened during the quiet revolution in the 1960's creating at least a dozen public institutions.

Work relations:
industrialization created the working class as a social status.
establishment of NAFTA (north american free trade agreement)
until 1872 workers unions were illegal however they were still formed due to unbearable working conditions.
in 1885 Quebec adopted the provincial manufacturing law which limited the hours of work per week.
(60 hours for women and 72.5 hours for men)
(14 years old to start work for girls and 12 years old for boys)
education later became the one most needed requirement for work in any field doing anything.

Economy and Development of British Rule

the decline of fur economy 
after the french lost the war with the British, Scottish  English and american merchants settled in Montreal to practice the fur trade.
they replaced the french merchants because they could not compete with them.
hired french coureurs  des bois who knew the land well and the Amerindians as well.
united states created in 1783.
the Hudson bay company bought out all of its competition.
the northwest company was the only competition to the Hudson bay company.
the companies merged in 1821 after years of competition
after 1821 the fur trade was no longer in Montreal but based in Hudson's bay

expansion of the timber economy
in the 18th century great brittain obtained its wood from northern europe.
in 1806 however the french emperor Napoleon imposed a blockade forcing brittan to obtain its wood from canada. boats in port per year went from 100 in 1797 to 661 in 1810.
this led to the colonization of new regions such as outaouais, saguenay lac st jean , and the mauricie.

the transformation of agriculture

at the begining of the 19 th century brittain was no longer able to produce a sufficient ammount of food in order to feed its population.
from then on it began to buy more food stuffs from canada.

the begining of industrialization

jobs now required more skill and more education.
less educated peoples were recruited for menial labour.
 montreals population grew rapidly  because of the developing industries in the city such as real-estate

economic policies
great brittain adopted a protectionist policy towards canada imposing duties and customs on wood comming from europe.
in 1854 great brittain singed the treaty of reciprocity in favour of canada and established a free trade agreement.

Economy and development of New France-

The economy of Fur
beaver pelts were the highest form of currency
they were used to make hats and coats 
often traded for 5 furs at a time 
the kings tariffs took 25 % of the profit
once traded 20 knives for 5 furs

The Company System
three companies were attempted in the great lakes region all failed and were replaced
the hudson bay company is still alive today
the companies were tasked with  populating the colony
later they were in charge of fur trade with the natives
the hudson bay company was the most prosperous.

the hudson bay company
still thriving today it is one of the only remaining enterprises from the age of colonization
present in many different forms of the market present today 
the hudson bay company is still profitable today 
it was given complete control over the colony and its citizens and imports and exports

Expansion of the territory
in the much later years of the colony's development a railroad was  built in order to create a mode of transportation to the further provinces including bc and manitoba

The beaver crisis 
once the king's tax was implemented on furs the traders normally bought in groups of 5 furs 
having difficulty  transporting the furs the french established a town in new brunswick in order to have the furs last the trip to europe.

The economy of New France before 1663
the economy was bassed solely on furs and agriculture and also partially on the creation of goods from craftsmen in the settlement of montreal.

Agriculture
agriculture ranged from tabbaco  to tomatoes to other medicinal herbs and spices that they were taught about by the natives. agriculture included clearing forests and using the wood to build new houses or goods that would be shipped to europe.

Attempts to diversify the economy
in an attempt to diversify the economy the king allowed the irish and other eastern european  peoples to migrate to canada.

The currency
after the french government lost their influence and control over the colony and economy the  new british government adapted the new colony to their economy , to pounds.

Obstacles to diversification
an obstacle to the diversification of the colony was the fact that quebec had separated into 2 parts upper and lower canada each with their  own population whether it be loyalists or rebels. 
many failed attempts at merging the 2 the rebels eventually fell and the loyalists took control of the colony .

Economy and Settlement: In Context

 Geographic Distribution of Economic Activities

- The Role of Business

to stimulate the economy and provide jobs to civilians in order to provide the country with goods and services.

- The Importance of Exports

exports allow us to acquire materials that would normally be expensive or difficult to retrieve in our country.they also allow us to form political and military alliances with other countries.

- Exporting Issues 

conflict in foreign countries can cause difficulties in exporting goods , this includes storms that wash away ships and cargo and pirates.

- Employment and unemployment

quebec has the lowest employment rate in the country and is doing little to create more jobs for immigrants or increase the population.

Population Since Confederation 1 additional information

french Canadian emigration :
between 1870 and 1930 the emigration of french Canadians continued , they became farmers in Ontario or settled in the provinces of Manitoba or Saskatchewan.these areas were easier to access due to the recently completed railway that spanned Canada and went from Quebec to British Columbia. departures outnumbered arrivals, in some years roughly 10% of the population left the province. some even left to new England hoping to still retain their culture and language but they did not succeed and were assimilated within a few years. some returned in 1920 but had already  adapted to another way of life either in new England or the provinces further west.

immigration diversification:
in the birth year of the Canadian federation,1876, the federal government suggested policies to either restrict or stimulate immigration.most of the immigrants came from either England or eastern Europe.after ww2 Canadian prime minister William Lyon  re-opened immigration to allow for continued economic growth because the immigrants worked and payed taxes stimulating the economy.

population and confederation part 1

• french settled along the st laurence river and at the opening of it into the gulf of the st laurence.
• after creating the settlement of Montreal 45 attempted to stay the winter and only 8 survived through to the summer.
• the conflicts with the iroquois led to the majority of the population dieing in defence of the colony.

• the first new habitants were craftsmen and soldiers and also the filles du roi who were needed to sustain the colony.
• birth incentives :
• fine to unmarried men and a tariff paid to them on their wedding day
• payment to families with over 10 or 11 children
• marriage could be for men from the ages of 14 and up and women could be from 12 and up.
• 
  

Population Since Confederation 2

Population Distribution in the Province and Regional Development:

during the time of regional development, where towns were being built in areas where resources were found in order to establish a "forward base' for the development of these resources such as , various metal and coal ores, and in the "nord du quebec" region lakes which with the creation of dams could be used to create hydro electric power that could later be transported to the regions that needed it such as Montreal  ,Quebec city and many more.

the population although dependent on having jobs and money that the cities could easily provide, many of the Canadian citizens later expanded west towards bc and Manitoba , the 2 most recently crated provinces of Quebec  Some in fact moved to the united states where they planned on maintaining their french language and heritage, however  due to the strong difference between the 2 languages they were assimilated within a few years. Although  they were now English speakers primarily, as they returned to Canada they had come to realize that their heritage was nearly non-existence due to their assimilation into the american culture and way of life.

in conclusion the distribution of the population was very sparse  because they were either developing  resources or to develop new lands like bc and Manitoba . areas such as bc and Manitoba were subject to a bit of isolation but after the building of a cross Canada railway this isolation ceased  however it was at least a week's commute to Montreal or Quebec. this made travel long but worth while due to the good you could acquire in the city that you could not acquire in the country.

How did Native people occupy the territory before the arrival of the Europeans

• relocated from Asia around 30000 years ago.
• as a path thawed through the ice they made their way southeast.
• then further east towards Quebec.
• other groups move south as far as modern Chile mountains. 
• many groups that settled along the banks of the Lawrence .
• those who settled  created villages of 1500 to 2000 inhabitants and were farmers while anoth group. was living in forests and hunting tracking game to get food from their families. 
• the Inuit lived as far north as Hudson bay and Ungava bay .
• both the hunters and the Inuit were nomads who lived off the land .
• the three groups ( farmers , hunters and Inuit )formed several nations.
• some of these nations traded goods such as flint for arrows and spears to goods like furs and fishing products.
• the nations to the far south were called the Inca, Aztecs and Mayans. after the English and french invasions this way of dividing the land no longer existed because of the epidemic that was brought by the Europeans and that wiped out most of the native population.

How Did the Population Diversify Under British Rule

MerchantsLoyalistsIncrease from 1815Great Britain's Immigration PoliciesContagious DiseasesGrosse IleReligious DiversificationThe French Canadian PopulationThe Native Population

after the creation of the french settlements in Quebec and along the st Lawrence  river, the merchants and slaves came into this new world to help spread the colonies further inland. due to the immigration policies put in place by jean talon the immigration into the new world was high and was the key to sustaining the settlement  however with the many immigrants from Europe came serious and contagious diseases that were spread throughout most ships  ,like scurvy. this is what brought the need to quarantine the sick and founded the settlement of Grosse ile which was a small town where the sick were sent , basically to die. the amount of immigrants provided a greater religious diversity but after the new colony split between upper and lower Canada, one being of loyalists who were insistent that french be the main language and the other being British  who were content to let them choose and live how they pleased in their part of the country. the native population however suffered the most  very many tribes were wiped out due to the sicknesses brought about by Europeans decimating the native population, friend or foe.

Population and Settlement French Regime: The Settlement of Canada page 17-19

Only one third of the 30'000 men and women that left France to populate the new world stayed in new France. in 1627, the king of France hired the company of 100 associates to populate the new colony that only contained 100 inhabitants. the company had projected 4000 inhabitants however they only attracted several hundred new inhabitants. by 1663 new France had more than 3000 inhabitants, about 1850 of them were new from France and the rest were born there. at that time he appointed Jean-Baptiste Colbert to the position of intendant of new France who was effectively the leader of the settlement and who was also in charge of managing and developing the land surrounding the settlement.

the majority of immigrants who came to new France were soldiers, "les filles du roi" and tradesmen. all of these different people are the reason that we are where we are today , due to their trading ,defense and population of the settlement is the first and most important aspects of creating a prosperous and self-sufficient colony. the creation of a colony that was self sustaining was the key to the french invasion of Canada.

in order to increase the population of the settlement even further the king of France created several birth incentives: for example men who married at the age of 20 or less were allotted an amount of 20 pounds
for women the age was 16 or less. due to these incentives, by the year 1720, the fertility rate in new France was at an average of 9 children per woman. women who married young had longer life expetancies because they ate better and had more children to help around the house and they were responsible for the house while the fathers were either fighting the iroquois or hunting.

Population and Settlement French Regime: Canada's Colonization by the French.

summary of pages 13-14

due to the ratio of men to women in  the new colony of new france the king sent over single women to help decrease that ratio and allow for the colony to populate itself and expand further west along the st. Laurence river. these women were called "les filles du roi " and they were mostly young women and those found out to be prostitutes would be sent back upon the discovery of these acts.

in 1608 when champlain founded quebec it was a very small village with few inhabitants. the name quebec is an amerindian word meaning narrowing due to the fact that quebec is situated at a point on the st laurence river that narrows. years later in 1634 Champlain put sieur de lavoilette  in charge of the settlement that we now call trois riviere. this settlement facilitated trading and communicating with the amerindians in the area and helped to prevent the interception of trade caravans by the irroquois.

response to the charter of values

On September 17th 2013 the Quebec government established the charter of values. this proposal makes it mandatory for any public servant wearing a religious symbol while working.the charter has cause a large up-roar of protests and worst of  all the majority of racists in Quebec feel that the government is now on their side, so as a side effect there is a relentless amount of racism targeting ethnicity and their establishments and even the people themselves are at risk of verbal degradation.

in response to this charter of values, lake ridge health center , a leading general hospital in the greater Toronto area has released a pamphlet featuring a woman wearing a hijab and a standard doctors uniform. the pamphlet read "We don't care what's on your head,  we care what's in it." due to the fact that in Montreal itself  we have the Jewish general hospital the lake ridge health center is likely to be taking in the majority of doctors who don't agree with the charter and what it imposes on public servants in Montreal.

Although its  mostly the people who need to change,  many religious symbols are being removed including the catholic cross from parliament and many other religious symbols. the outraged communities are  in a way revolting against the pq legislation by mass protests , noise protests, picketing , and public speaking.

personally this whole conundrum reminds me of many things like the riots brought about by the treyvon martin case and many of the riots and protests in  many fights for equality in our history  be it the fight to abolish slavery , the million man march and the fight for equality for women. all of our history is doomed to repeat itself , lest we learn from it.

episode 2 Canada's people

this entire video reminded me of the movie avatar and how we invaded a new land to steal their resources  to further our economy and in doing so we displaced native populations and it became a violent war for the land. All of the land was destroyed by the war and most of the peoples were dead. be it the vikings the europeans or the spaniards we have destroyed most of this planet's roots if not entirely. we are a savage species and i believe that as long as we are here the planet will suffer.

Canada a peoples history part 7 response

this video made me think of what the vikings did, raiding towns and villages raping and pillaging. the worst part of all of this was that the Europeans still considered themselves civilized and the people they were pillaging un-civilized and somehow in their bad sense of judgement thought that this justified  all that they did to the new nations of the new world.

Canada a peoples history part 6 response

the faith of the europeans suprises me simply because in most countries  religion has dissapeared form parliment and government institutions. quebec itself is called a post- christian society because of today's banning of religious symbols.

Canada a peoples history part 5 response

this video made me think of  the natives and how when the English struggled with disease they helped but when the natives were sick they were  isolated and killed.this attitude of only willing to help themselves and not others unless it benefits them.this attitude still exists today in both america and Canada and also materialism as a mentality has become a nuisance.

Canada a peoples history part 4im sorry the last one i did was number 3 response

what comes to mind when i think about the video i just watched was that i was born in a time where society is decaying and im too late to explore the world and too early to explore the galaxy. the majority of people alive today will not even see the firs martian colony estimated to be in existence in around 2100. we as a people in this day and age have a duty to develop technologies and not destroy ourselves in the process ... the odds of this are very slim.

Canada a peoples history part 4 response

Canada a peoples history part 4 response

the only thing i can think of after watching this segment was  that  torture has evolvedd over a long time, be it the sick and twisted devices of the middle ages  or roman empire  or even in modern society. to me in some way  bullying is somewhat like a psychological torture in which the victim is constantly bombarded by teasing or often time physical assault and threats, until the point of suicide or an outburst that can affect multiple people by creating more and more victims. the native Americans had honor when they tortured and were tortured but nowadays  honor doesn't even come into play in politics but only certain sports and activities like martial arts.

Canadian history episode one part two response

in this video what i found interesting was the struggle for survival of the Inuit peoples of the north who were in constant harsh conditions that put them in impossible situations. i can relate the struggle of survival back to when i was teaching survival at camp this summer and how difficult it was to actually get the water food and heat provided to be able to last just one night in the forest. even with all of my resources it was extremely difficult and i didn't eat much the first day and went hungry until dinner that was a fairly long time away from luch considering i had only eaten a few minnows and boiled bark.

Canadian history episode one part one response

This video reminded me of the movie/book john carter simply because john carter was alone on mars and being the only human  the people were interested about the ways of this strange planet that to their knowledge could not sustain life.another reason i connected this to john carter is him being the last /only one of his kind left on the planet mars and had major difficulties understanding the new language much like i'm sure Shauna Divet had when she was first discovered by the settlers of Newfoundland.

1500's Native's

1.Linguistic families and territories 

 

 The territories of Quebec in the 1500's were split among 3 linguistic families, the Inuit, the Algonquin and the Iroquois each of which had distinct characteristics that set them apart from the other groups. the Algonquin and the Iroquois  were near polar opposites. where one had more authority given to the father and the other given to the mother. even the techniques to acquiring food were opposites as well one focused on hunting while the other focused on farming and gathering.  

 

2.World view of native people 

 

After the start of the French colonization of Quebec the French had released a statement on their perception of the native peoples. the statement had claimed the natives were "savage" un-civilized" without proper perception of their culture and way of life. the only attempted contact was for trading or converting them to Christianity or Catholicism. a lot of the peoples refused to communicate with the French because of their materialism.  

 

3. Roles of men and women in Algonquin and Iroquoian society

 

 Men and women had very different roles in both societies. The Algonquin's were hunters and the fathers held the power in the house hold he taught the boys to hunt and the women who stayed in the village taught the children and raised them to honor their father.in the Iroquois society the mother held the most power due to the fact that the group was mainly farmers and gatherers and the fathers were in the home teaching the children.   

 

4. Social and cultural aspects common to all native society

 

Gift giving was on of the most common of actions among the native cultures because  it was used to show respect but also to share all that you had. The circle of life was the main system of beliefs among all natives. The idea of the circle of life preached that all things were alive and could feel  this in turn led to prayers thanking “mother earth” for everything  she has provided. Not all histories were archived due to the fact that most treaties were formed on wampum's that were traded between tribes. 

 

 

5. Cultural consequences of encounters with the Europeans

 

Due to encounters with the Europeans , the natives became a part of several wars that decimated their tribes and destroyed their culture. After the war of 1812 the natives had already lost all but the majority of their land and that affected their population. As each new wave of Europeans arrived they brought with them several different types of diseases and flues that caused the near extinction of the natives. A lot of the remaining native population was later forced to live on reserves and only reserves.

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Hello miss Scott :D